Nehemiah 11
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Nehemiah 11
The Rulers Dwell in Jerusalem
1And the rulers of the people dwelt at Jerusalem: the rest of the people also cast lots, to bring one of ten to dwell in Jerusalem the holy city, and nine parts to dwell in other cities.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
CHAPTER 11
Ne 11:1, 2. The Rulers, Voluntary Men, and Every Tenth Man Chosen by Lot, Dwell at Jerusalem.
1. the rulers ... dwelt at Jerusalem--That city being the metropolis of the country, it was right and proper that the seat of government should be there. But the exigency of the times required that special measures should be taken to insure the residence of an adequate population for the custody of the buildings and the defense of the city. From the annoyances of restless and malignant enemies, who tried every means to demolish the rising fortifications, there was some danger attending a settlement in Jerusalem. Hence the greater part of the returned exiles, in order to earn as well as secure the rewards of their duty, preferred to remain in the country or the provincial towns. To remedy this state of things, it was resolved to select every tenth man of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin by lot, to become a permanent inhabitant of the capital. The necessity of such an expedient commended it to the general approval. It was the more readily submitted to because the lot was resorted to on all the most critical conjunctures of the Jewish history, and regarded by the people as a divine decision (Pr 18:18). This awakened strongly the national spirit; and patriotic volunteers came forward readily to meet the wishes of the authorities, a service which, implying great self-denial as well as courage, was reckoned in the circumstances of so much importance as entitled them to the public gratitude. No wonder that the conduct of these volunteers drew forth the tribute of public admiration; for they sacrificed their personal safety and comfort for the interests of the community because Jerusalem was at that time a place against which the enemies of the Jews were directing a thousand plots. Therefore, residence in it at such a juncture was attended with expense and various annoyances from which a country life was entirely free.
CHAPTER 11
Ne 11:1, 2. The Rulers, Voluntary Men, and Every Tenth Man Chosen by Lot, Dwell at Jerusalem.
1. the rulers ... dwelt at Jerusalem--That city being the metropolis of the country, it was right and proper that the seat of government should be there. But the exigency of the times required that special measures should be taken to insure the residence of an adequate population for the custody of the buildings and the defense of the city. From the annoyances of restless and malignant enemies, who tried every means to demolish the rising fortifications, there was some danger attending a settlement in Jerusalem. Hence the greater part of the returned exiles, in order to earn as well as secure the rewards of their duty, preferred to remain in the country or the provincial towns. To remedy this state of things, it was resolved to select every tenth man of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin by lot, to become a permanent inhabitant of the capital. The necessity of such an expedient commended it to the general approval. It was the more readily submitted to because the lot was resorted to on all the most critical conjunctures of the Jewish history, and regarded by the people as a divine decision (Pr 18:18). This awakened strongly the national spirit; and patriotic volunteers came forward readily to meet the wishes of the authorities, a service which, implying great self-denial as well as courage, was reckoned in the circumstances of so much importance as entitled them to the public gratitude. No wonder that the conduct of these volunteers drew forth the tribute of public admiration; for they sacrificed their personal safety and comfort for the interests of the community because Jerusalem was at that time a place against which the enemies of the Jews were directing a thousand plots. Therefore, residence in it at such a juncture was attended with expense and various annoyances from which a country life was entirely free.
The Pulpit Commentary
The rulers of the people dwelt at Jerusalem. Jerusalem was the residence of all the nobles from the first (see Neh_2:16); no increase could be made in this element of the population. Nehemiah had to look lower, and to obtain his new settlers from the ranks of the "people." The people … cast lots. No doubt under direction. The Jews had frequent recourse to the lot for the determining of doubtful matters, believing, as they did, that "the whole disposing thereof was of the Lord (Pro_16:33). Divine sanction had been given, in the course of the Jewish history, to the use of the lot for the selection of persons (Jos_7:16-18; 1Sa_10:19-21), for the distribution of lands (Num_26:25, Num_26:26), and for the determination of the order in which different bodies should execute an office (1Ch_24:5; 1Ch_25:8). In the democratic states of Greece it was used widely to determine between candidates for an office. One in ten. Ewald supposes that this was to be the proportion between the population of Jerusalem and the whole population of the country, and ascribes the fixing of the proportion to Zerubbabel. But there is no statement to this effect in either Ezra or Nehemiah, and the brief narrative of this verse seems to imply the addition of a tenth part of the country population to the previous population of Jerusalem, rather than the establishment of any definite proportion between the two. Nine parts. Literally, "nine hands," as in Gen_43:34; Gen_47:24.
The rulers of the people dwelt at Jerusalem. Jerusalem was the residence of all the nobles from the first (see Neh_2:16); no increase could be made in this element of the population. Nehemiah had to look lower, and to obtain his new settlers from the ranks of the "people." The people … cast lots. No doubt under direction. The Jews had frequent recourse to the lot for the determining of doubtful matters, believing, as they did, that "the whole disposing thereof was of the Lord (Pro_16:33). Divine sanction had been given, in the course of the Jewish history, to the use of the lot for the selection of persons (Jos_7:16-18; 1Sa_10:19-21), for the distribution of lands (Num_26:25, Num_26:26), and for the determination of the order in which different bodies should execute an office (1Ch_24:5; 1Ch_25:8). In the democratic states of Greece it was used widely to determine between candidates for an office. One in ten. Ewald supposes that this was to be the proportion between the population of Jerusalem and the whole population of the country, and ascribes the fixing of the proportion to Zerubbabel. But there is no statement to this effect in either Ezra or Nehemiah, and the brief narrative of this verse seems to imply the addition of a tenth part of the country population to the previous population of Jerusalem, rather than the establishment of any definite proportion between the two. Nine parts. Literally, "nine hands," as in Gen_43:34; Gen_47:24.
2And the people blessed all the men, that willingly offered themselves to dwell at Jerusalem.
The Pulpit Commentary
The men that willingly offered themselves. Besides those on whom the lot fell, a certain number volunteered to change their residence and to transfer themselves and families from their country homes to Jerusalem. The people called down blessings upon them for their patriotism.
The men that willingly offered themselves. Besides those on whom the lot fell, a certain number volunteered to change their residence and to transfer themselves and families from their country homes to Jerusalem. The people called down blessings upon them for their patriotism.
The Chiefs of the Province in Jerusalem
3Now these are the chief of the province that dwelt in Jerusalem: but in the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession in their cities, to wit, Israel, the priests, and the Levites, and the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon’s servants.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
Ne 11:3-36. Their Names.
3. the chief of the province--that is, Judea. Nehemiah speaks of it, as it then was, a small appendix of the Persian empire.
in the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession in their cities--The returned exiles, who had come from Babylon, repaired generally, and by a natural impulse, to the lands and cities throughout the country which had been anciently assigned them.
Israel--This general name, which designated the descendants of Jacob before the unhappy division of the two kingdoms under Rehoboam, was restored after the captivity, the Israelites being then united with the Jews, and all traces of their former separation being obliterated. Although the majority of the returned exiles belonged to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, they are here called Israel because a large number out of all the tribes were now intermingled, and these were principally the occupiers of the rural villages, while none but those of Judah and Benjamin resided in Jerusalem.
the Levites--These took possession of the cities allotted to them according as they had opportunity.
the Nethinims--A certain order of men, either Gibeonites or persons joined with them, who were devoted to the service of God.
Ne 11:3-36. Their Names.
3. the chief of the province--that is, Judea. Nehemiah speaks of it, as it then was, a small appendix of the Persian empire.
in the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession in their cities--The returned exiles, who had come from Babylon, repaired generally, and by a natural impulse, to the lands and cities throughout the country which had been anciently assigned them.
Israel--This general name, which designated the descendants of Jacob before the unhappy division of the two kingdoms under Rehoboam, was restored after the captivity, the Israelites being then united with the Jews, and all traces of their former separation being obliterated. Although the majority of the returned exiles belonged to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, they are here called Israel because a large number out of all the tribes were now intermingled, and these were principally the occupiers of the rural villages, while none but those of Judah and Benjamin resided in Jerusalem.
the Levites--These took possession of the cities allotted to them according as they had opportunity.
the Nethinims--A certain order of men, either Gibeonites or persons joined with them, who were devoted to the service of God.
The Pulpit Commentary
These are the chief of the province. A comparison is in the writer's mind between the Jews of Palestine and those of the great Persian capitals, Babylon and Susa, to which, as a Persian official, he himself properly belongs. Compare Neh_1:3 and Ezr_2:1. That dwelt in Jerusalem. i.e. "that were entered in Nehemiah's census among the inhabitants of Jerusalem after the transfer of population had been made." The names which follow appear in most cases to be personal, but a certain number of them are names of families. In the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession. It follows that those who removed from the country districts to Jerusalem quitted their "possessions, often, it may be, exchanging riches for poverty, a comfortable house for one half in ruins (Neh_7:4), and the life of a small landed proprietor for that of an artisan or hired labourer. Hence the "blessings" called down by the people on those who volunteered (verse 2). Israel. Compare 1Ch_9:3, where we find that among those who had returned were mere-bers of the two great Israelitish tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim. On the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants, see the comment on Ezr_2:43, Ezr_2:55.
These are the chief of the province. A comparison is in the writer's mind between the Jews of Palestine and those of the great Persian capitals, Babylon and Susa, to which, as a Persian official, he himself properly belongs. Compare Neh_1:3 and Ezr_2:1. That dwelt in Jerusalem. i.e. "that were entered in Nehemiah's census among the inhabitants of Jerusalem after the transfer of population had been made." The names which follow appear in most cases to be personal, but a certain number of them are names of families. In the cities of Judah dwelt every one in his possession. It follows that those who removed from the country districts to Jerusalem quitted their "possessions, often, it may be, exchanging riches for poverty, a comfortable house for one half in ruins (Neh_7:4), and the life of a small landed proprietor for that of an artisan or hired labourer. Hence the "blessings" called down by the people on those who volunteered (verse 2). Israel. Compare 1Ch_9:3, where we find that among those who had returned were mere-bers of the two great Israelitish tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim. On the Nethinims, and the children of Solomon's servants, see the comment on Ezr_2:43, Ezr_2:55.
4And at Jerusalem dwelt certain of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin. Of the children of Judah; Athaiah the son of Uzziah, the son of Zechariah, the son of Amariah, the son of Shephatiah, the son of Mahalaleel, of the children of Perez;
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
4. at Jerusalem dwelt certain of the children of Judah--The discrepancy that is apparent between this [Ne 11:4-36] and the list formerly given in 1Ch 9:1-9, arose not only from the Jewish and Oriental practice of changing or modifying the names of persons from a change of circumstances, but from the alterations that must have been produced in the course of time. The catalogue in Chronicles contains those who came with the first detachment of returned exiles, while the list in this passage probably included also those who returned with Ezra and Nehemiah; or it was most probably made out afterwards, when several had died, or some, who had been inserted as going on the journey, remained, and others came in their stead.
4. at Jerusalem dwelt certain of the children of Judah--The discrepancy that is apparent between this [Ne 11:4-36] and the list formerly given in 1Ch 9:1-9, arose not only from the Jewish and Oriental practice of changing or modifying the names of persons from a change of circumstances, but from the alterations that must have been produced in the course of time. The catalogue in Chronicles contains those who came with the first detachment of returned exiles, while the list in this passage probably included also those who returned with Ezra and Nehemiah; or it was most probably made out afterwards, when several had died, or some, who had been inserted as going on the journey, remained, and others came in their stead.
The Pulpit Commentary
At Jerusalem dwelt certain of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin. It is not meant that all the dwellers in Jerusalem were of these two tribes, since among them were certainly Levites (Neh_11:10-19), Ephraimites, and Mansesites (1Ch_1:1-54. s. c.), together with Nethinims (Neh_11:21) who were of no tribe, and probably some representatives of all or most of the other tribes (see the comment on Ezr_2:70). But the present purpose of Nehemiah is to mention especially the Jewish and Benjamite chiefs. Athaiah, or Uthai, as the name is given in 1Ch_9:4. The son of Uzziah. The ancestors assigned to Athaiah here and in 1Ch_9:1-44. are wholly different, with the single exception of Pharez or Perez, the son of Judah. Both lists are of course abbreviations of a far longer one, and it has happened that the two writers have in no ease selected for mention the same name.
At Jerusalem dwelt certain of the children of Judah, and of the children of Benjamin. It is not meant that all the dwellers in Jerusalem were of these two tribes, since among them were certainly Levites (Neh_11:10-19), Ephraimites, and Mansesites (1Ch_1:1-54. s. c.), together with Nethinims (Neh_11:21) who were of no tribe, and probably some representatives of all or most of the other tribes (see the comment on Ezr_2:70). But the present purpose of Nehemiah is to mention especially the Jewish and Benjamite chiefs. Athaiah, or Uthai, as the name is given in 1Ch_9:4. The son of Uzziah. The ancestors assigned to Athaiah here and in 1Ch_9:1-44. are wholly different, with the single exception of Pharez or Perez, the son of Judah. Both lists are of course abbreviations of a far longer one, and it has happened that the two writers have in no ease selected for mention the same name.
5And Maaseiah the son of Baruch, the son of Colhozeh, the son of Hazaiah, the son of Adaiah, the son of Joiarib, the son of Zechariah, the son of Shiloni.
The Pulpit Commentary
Maaseiah is called "Asaish" in 1 Chronicles, and designated simply as "the Shilonite, or descendant of Shelah, the youngest son of Judah. Zechariah, the son of Shiloni. Rather, "the Shilonite." The word ben, "son," has been intruded into the text by a copyist, who thought that "Shiloni" was a personal name.
Maaseiah is called "Asaish" in 1 Chronicles, and designated simply as "the Shilonite, or descendant of Shelah, the youngest son of Judah. Zechariah, the son of Shiloni. Rather, "the Shilonite." The word ben, "son," has been intruded into the text by a copyist, who thought that "Shiloni" was a personal name.
6All the sons of Perez that dwelt at Jerusalem were four hundred threescore and eight valiant men.
The Pulpit Commentary
Valiant men. Or, "fighting men"—men able to bear arms and serve in the wars.
Valiant men. Or, "fighting men"—men able to bear arms and serve in the wars.
7And these are the sons of Benjamin; Sallu the son of Meshullam, the son of Joed, the son of Pedaiah, the son of Kolaiah, the son of Maaseiah, the son of Ithiel, the son of Jesaiah.
The Pulpit Commentary
And these are the sons of Benjamin. A verse equivalent to 1Ch_9:6 would seem to have fallen out here. Nehemiah cannot have intended to leave out the descendants of Zerah, who formed more than one-half of the Jewish element in the population of Jerusalem, and furnished 690 fighting men. Sallu the son of Meshullam. Compare 1Ch_9:7. The other names in the genealogy are different, the two writers singling out for mention different ancestors.
And these are the sons of Benjamin. A verse equivalent to 1Ch_9:6 would seem to have fallen out here. Nehemiah cannot have intended to leave out the descendants of Zerah, who formed more than one-half of the Jewish element in the population of Jerusalem, and furnished 690 fighting men. Sallu the son of Meshullam. Compare 1Ch_9:7. The other names in the genealogy are different, the two writers singling out for mention different ancestors.
8And after him Gabbai, Sallai, nine hundred twenty and eight.
The Pulpit Commentary
Neither Gabbai nor Sallai is mentioned in Chronicles, where the Benjamite chiefs inferior to Shallu are Ibneiah, Elah, and Meshullam (1Ch_9:8). Nine hundred and twenty-eight. Nine hundred and fifty-six, according to Chronicles (1Ch_9:9). Probably in one place or the other the figures have suffered corruption.
Neither Gabbai nor Sallai is mentioned in Chronicles, where the Benjamite chiefs inferior to Shallu are Ibneiah, Elah, and Meshullam (1Ch_9:8). Nine hundred and twenty-eight. Nine hundred and fifty-six, according to Chronicles (1Ch_9:9). Probably in one place or the other the figures have suffered corruption.
9And Joel the son of Zichri was their overseer: and Judah the son of Senuah was second over the city.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
9. overseer--that is, "captain" or "chief."
9. overseer--that is, "captain" or "chief."
The Pulpit Commentary
Their overseer. Probably the commandant of the city under Nehemiah. See 2Ki_25:19, where pakid has this sense. Judah … was second. Next in authority to Joel.
Their overseer. Probably the commandant of the city under Nehemiah. See 2Ki_25:19, where pakid has this sense. Judah … was second. Next in authority to Joel.
The Priests and Levites in the City
10Of the priests: Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, Jachin.
The Pulpit Commentary
Of the priests: Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, Jachin. Rather, "Of the priests, Jedaiah, Joiarib, Jachin." The word ben, "son," has once more accidentally crept in. The writer here passes from personal to famfiy names. Jedaiah and Joiarib were two of the chief priestly families, and are usually mentioned together (1Ch_24:7; Neh_12:6, Neh_12:19, etc.). Jachin was a priestly family of much less distinction, descended probably from the head of the twenty-first course in David's time (1Ch_24:17).
Of the priests: Jedaiah the son of Joiarib, Jachin. Rather, "Of the priests, Jedaiah, Joiarib, Jachin." The word ben, "son," has once more accidentally crept in. The writer here passes from personal to famfiy names. Jedaiah and Joiarib were two of the chief priestly families, and are usually mentioned together (1Ch_24:7; Neh_12:6, Neh_12:19, etc.). Jachin was a priestly family of much less distinction, descended probably from the head of the twenty-first course in David's time (1Ch_24:17).
11Seraiah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, was the ruler of the house of God.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
11. the ruler of the house of God--assistant of the high priest (Nu 3:32; 1Ch 9:11; 2Ch 19:11).
11. the ruler of the house of God--assistant of the high priest (Nu 3:32; 1Ch 9:11; 2Ch 19:11).
The Pulpit Commentary
Seraiah (called "Azariah" in 1Ch_9:11) designates the high priestly family of this time, as in Neh_10:2; Neh_12:1, Neh_12:12. The "Seraiah" who gave name to it was probably the high priest taken prisoner by Nebu-zaradan, and put to death (—2Ki_25:18-21). The son of Hilkiah. Really the grandson (Ezr_7:1). The son of Meshullam. Or "Shallum" (ibid. Neh_12:2). The ruler of the house of God. i.e. the high priest; or, rather, the family which furnished the high priests at this time. The actual high priest was Eliashib, the son of Joiakim, and grandson of Jeshua (see Neh_12:10; Neh_13:4).
Seraiah (called "Azariah" in 1Ch_9:11) designates the high priestly family of this time, as in Neh_10:2; Neh_12:1, Neh_12:12. The "Seraiah" who gave name to it was probably the high priest taken prisoner by Nebu-zaradan, and put to death (—2Ki_25:18-21). The son of Hilkiah. Really the grandson (Ezr_7:1). The son of Meshullam. Or "Shallum" (ibid. Neh_12:2). The ruler of the house of God. i.e. the high priest; or, rather, the family which furnished the high priests at this time. The actual high priest was Eliashib, the son of Joiakim, and grandson of Jeshua (see Neh_12:10; Neh_13:4).
12And their brethren that did the work of the house were eight hundred twenty and two: and Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah, the son of Pashur, the son of Malchiah.
The Pulpit Commentary
Their brethren that did the work of the house. The priests of ordinary rank, who—divided originally into twenty-four, but now apparently into twenty-two, courses (Neh_12:2-7)—had the care of the temple service in turn, amounted to the large number of 1192 persons, of whom between fifty and sixty would be employed in some work connected with the service at one time.
Their brethren that did the work of the house. The priests of ordinary rank, who—divided originally into twenty-four, but now apparently into twenty-two, courses (Neh_12:2-7)—had the care of the temple service in turn, amounted to the large number of 1192 persons, of whom between fifty and sixty would be employed in some work connected with the service at one time.
13And his brethren, chief of the fathers, two hundred forty and two: and Amashai the son of Azareel, the son of Ahasai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer,
14And their brethren, mighty men of valour, an hundred twenty and eight: and their overseer was Zabdiel, the son of one of the great men.
The Pulpit Commentary
Their brethren, mighty men of valour. Not "men of great courage," as Bp. Patrick explains, but "very able men for the work of the service of the house of God," as our translators render the parallel passage of Chronicles (1Ch_9:13). Zabdiel, the son of one of the great men. Rather, as in the margin, "the son of Haggedolim."
Neh_11:15, Neh_11:16
Also of the Levites: Shemaiah. Compare 1Ch_9:14. Shemaiah was a descendant of Merari. Together with Shabbethai and Jozabad (1Ch_9:16), he had the superintendence of the outward business of the house of God; or, in other words, of its worldly affairs and money matters. As in the Christian Church a special order was appointed "to serve tables" (Act_6:2-5), so in the Jewish the secular business of the temple was intrusted to a few carefully-selected persons of the inferior order of the ministry, who were known to have a special capacity for such matters (see 1Ch_26:29).
Their brethren, mighty men of valour. Not "men of great courage," as Bp. Patrick explains, but "very able men for the work of the service of the house of God," as our translators render the parallel passage of Chronicles (1Ch_9:13). Zabdiel, the son of one of the great men. Rather, as in the margin, "the son of Haggedolim."
Neh_11:15, Neh_11:16
Also of the Levites: Shemaiah. Compare 1Ch_9:14. Shemaiah was a descendant of Merari. Together with Shabbethai and Jozabad (1Ch_9:16), he had the superintendence of the outward business of the house of God; or, in other words, of its worldly affairs and money matters. As in the Christian Church a special order was appointed "to serve tables" (Act_6:2-5), so in the Jewish the secular business of the temple was intrusted to a few carefully-selected persons of the inferior order of the ministry, who were known to have a special capacity for such matters (see 1Ch_26:29).
15Also of the Levites: Shemaiah the son of Hashub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Bunni;
16And Shabbethai and Jozabad, of the chief of the Levites, had the oversight of the outward business of the house of God.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
16. the oversight of the outward business of the house of God--that is, those things which were done outside, or in the country, such as the collecting of the provisions (1Ch 26:29).
16. the oversight of the outward business of the house of God--that is, those things which were done outside, or in the country, such as the collecting of the provisions (1Ch 26:29).
17And Mattaniah the son of Micha, the son of Zabdi, the son of Asaph, was the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer: and Bakbukiah the second among his brethren, and Abda the son of Shammua, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
17. the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer--that is, the leader of the choir which chanted the public praise at the time of the morning and evening sacrifice. That service was always accompanied by some appropriate psalm, the sacred music being selected and guided by the person named.
17. the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer--that is, the leader of the choir which chanted the public praise at the time of the morning and evening sacrifice. That service was always accompanied by some appropriate psalm, the sacred music being selected and guided by the person named.
The Pulpit Commentary
Mattaniah … was the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer. i.e. the "leader of the choir," or "precentor.'' Bakbukiah was second to him among his brethren; i.e. was his chief assistant. Abda (or "Obadiah," 1Ch_9:16) held the third place.
Mattaniah … was the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer. i.e. the "leader of the choir," or "precentor.'' Bakbukiah was second to him among his brethren; i.e. was his chief assistant. Abda (or "Obadiah," 1Ch_9:16) held the third place.
18All the Levites in the holy city were two hundred fourscore and four.
The Pulpit Commentary
All the Levites … were two hundred fourscore and four. The small proportion borne by the Levites to the priests, which has been already noticed (see comment on Ezr_8:15), is here again apparent. They do not quite amount to one-third of the priests.
All the Levites … were two hundred fourscore and four. The small proportion borne by the Levites to the priests, which has been already noticed (see comment on Ezr_8:15), is here again apparent. They do not quite amount to one-third of the priests.
19Moreover the porters, Akkub, Talmon, and their brethren that kept the gates, were an hundred seventy and two.
The Pulpit Commentary
The porters, Akkub, Talmon. On these familiar names, see the comment upon Ezr_2:42. An hundred and seventy-two. In 1Ch_9:22 the number is said to have been 212.
The porters, Akkub, Talmon. On these familiar names, see the comment upon Ezr_2:42. An hundred and seventy-two. In 1Ch_9:22 the number is said to have been 212.
20And the residue of Israel, of the priests, and the Levites, were in all the cities of Judah, every one in his inheritance.
21But the Nethinims dwelt in Ophel: and Ziha and Gispa were over the Nethinims.
The Pulpit Commentary
The Nethinims dwelt in Ophel. See above, Neh_3:26 Ophel, the southern prolongation of the temple hill, was a sort of suburb of Jerusalem, sometimes reckoned as part of the city, sometimes as distinct from it. It was a convenient position for the Nethinims, who were employed in menial offices about the temple. Ziha seems to represent the leading Nethinim family (Ezr_2:43; Neh_7:46).
The Nethinims dwelt in Ophel. See above, Neh_3:26 Ophel, the southern prolongation of the temple hill, was a sort of suburb of Jerusalem, sometimes reckoned as part of the city, sometimes as distinct from it. It was a convenient position for the Nethinims, who were employed in menial offices about the temple. Ziha seems to represent the leading Nethinim family (Ezr_2:43; Neh_7:46).
22The overseer also of the Levites at Jerusalem was Uzzi the son of Bani, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micha. Of the sons of Asaph, the singers were over the business of the house of God.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
22. the sons of Asaph, the singers were over the business of the house of God--They were selected to take charge of providing those things which were required for the interior of the temple and its service, while to others was committed the care of the "outward business of the house of God" (Ne 11:16). This duty was very properly assigned to the sons of Asaph; for, though they were Levites, they did not repair in rotation to Jerusalem, as the other ministers of religion. Being permanent residents, and employed in duties which were comparatively light and easy, they were very competent to undertake this charge.
22. the sons of Asaph, the singers were over the business of the house of God--They were selected to take charge of providing those things which were required for the interior of the temple and its service, while to others was committed the care of the "outward business of the house of God" (Ne 11:16). This duty was very properly assigned to the sons of Asaph; for, though they were Levites, they did not repair in rotation to Jerusalem, as the other ministers of religion. Being permanent residents, and employed in duties which were comparatively light and easy, they were very competent to undertake this charge.
The Pulpit Commentary
Properly, the whole of this verse forms a single sentence, and should run as follows:—"And the overseer of the Levites in Jerusalem, Huzzi, the son of Bani, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micha, of the sons of Asaph the singers, was over the business of the house of God." As Shabbethai and Jozabad "had the oversight of the outward business" (Neh_11:16), so the internal business was under the superintendence of Huzzi, or Uzzi. Uzzi appears as taking part in the dedication of the wall (Neh_12:42).
Properly, the whole of this verse forms a single sentence, and should run as follows:—"And the overseer of the Levites in Jerusalem, Huzzi, the son of Bani, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micha, of the sons of Asaph the singers, was over the business of the house of God." As Shabbethai and Jozabad "had the oversight of the outward business" (Neh_11:16), so the internal business was under the superintendence of Huzzi, or Uzzi. Uzzi appears as taking part in the dedication of the wall (Neh_12:42).
23For it was the king’s commandment concerning them, that a certain portion should be for the singers, due for every day.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
23. it was the king's commandment--It was the will of the Persian monarch in issuing his edict that the temple service should be revived in all its religious fulness and solemnity. As this special provision for the singers is said to have been by the king's commandment, the order was probably given at the request or suggestion of Ezra or Nehemiah.
23. it was the king's commandment--It was the will of the Persian monarch in issuing his edict that the temple service should be revived in all its religious fulness and solemnity. As this special provision for the singers is said to have been by the king's commandment, the order was probably given at the request or suggestion of Ezra or Nehemiah.
The Pulpit Commentary
For it was the king's commandment concerning them. Artaxerxes, it appears, had assigned a certain stipend from the royal revenue for the support of such Levites as were singers, and this stipend had to be paid to them day by day. It is suggested as the grounds for this special favour—
1. That the Levites engaged in the choral service were regarded as those especially who prayed "for the life of the king and of his sons" (Ezr_6:10); and,
2. That the singing Levites who returned from Babylon, being so few in number (128), had to be constantly on duty in the temple, and so needed a regular daily stipend. The nexus of this verse with the preceding one imp!ice that the payment in question was an important part of the internal business of the house committed to Uzzi.
For it was the king's commandment concerning them. Artaxerxes, it appears, had assigned a certain stipend from the royal revenue for the support of such Levites as were singers, and this stipend had to be paid to them day by day. It is suggested as the grounds for this special favour—
1. That the Levites engaged in the choral service were regarded as those especially who prayed "for the life of the king and of his sons" (Ezr_6:10); and,
2. That the singing Levites who returned from Babylon, being so few in number (128), had to be constantly on duty in the temple, and so needed a regular daily stipend. The nexus of this verse with the preceding one imp!ice that the payment in question was an important part of the internal business of the house committed to Uzzi.
24And Pethahiah the son of Meshezabeel, of the children of Zerah the son of Judah, was at the king’s hand in all matters concerning the people.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
24. Pethahiah ... was at the king's hand in all matters concerning the people--This person was entrusted with judicial power, either for the interest, or by the appointment, of the Persian monarch, and his duty consisted either in adjusting cases of civil dispute, or in regulating fiscal concerns.
24. Pethahiah ... was at the king's hand in all matters concerning the people--This person was entrusted with judicial power, either for the interest, or by the appointment, of the Persian monarch, and his duty consisted either in adjusting cases of civil dispute, or in regulating fiscal concerns.
The Pulpit Commentary
Pethahiah … of the children of Zerah. We have here an indication of the imperfection of the preceding catalogue, which has mentioned no descendants of Zerah among the Jews dwelling in Jerusalem, but made them all sons of Perez (Neh_11:6). As already observed, a verse equivalent to 1Ch_6:9 must have fallen out between 1Ch_6:6 and 1Ch_6:7 of this chapter. The exact office borne by Pethahiah cannot be determined; but he evidently held a confidential position, which made him an intermediary for certain purposes between the Persian king and the Jewish people. Perhaps he received and forwarded petitions and complaints.
Pethahiah … of the children of Zerah. We have here an indication of the imperfection of the preceding catalogue, which has mentioned no descendants of Zerah among the Jews dwelling in Jerusalem, but made them all sons of Perez (Neh_11:6). As already observed, a verse equivalent to 1Ch_6:9 must have fallen out between 1Ch_6:6 and 1Ch_6:7 of this chapter. The exact office borne by Pethahiah cannot be determined; but he evidently held a confidential position, which made him an intermediary for certain purposes between the Persian king and the Jewish people. Perhaps he received and forwarded petitions and complaints.
25And for the villages, with their fields, some of the children of Judah dwelt at Kirjatharba, and in the villages thereof, and at Dibon, and in the villages thereof, and at Jekabzeel, and in the villages thereof,
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
25. some of the children of Judah dwelt at Kirjath-arba--The whole region in which the villages here mentioned were situated had been completely devastated by the Chaldean invasion; and, therefore, it must be assumed, that these villages had been rebuilt before "the children dwelt in them."
25. some of the children of Judah dwelt at Kirjath-arba--The whole region in which the villages here mentioned were situated had been completely devastated by the Chaldean invasion; and, therefore, it must be assumed, that these villages had been rebuilt before "the children dwelt in them."
The Pulpit Commentary
And for the villages. Or, "And, as regards the villages." The writer here at last passes away altogether from Jerusalem, and proceeds to speak of the country population of Judaea. This was chiefly located in villages or hamlets, to each of which was attached a territory suitable for cultivation. The principal of these settlements are now enumerated, and will be found to comprise seventeen places belonging to Judah, and fifteen belonging to Benjamin. Of these thirty-two, a considerable proper tion had subordinate hamlets attached to them. Kirjath-arba, or Hebron. During the captivity the old name had reasserted itself (see Jos_14:15). Dibon is not the important Moabite town whence came the famous "Moabite Stone," but the city anciently called Dimonah, which is coupled with "Kabzeel" and "Moladah" in Jos_15:21-26. Jekabzeel is no doubt the ancient "Kabzeel" (Jos_15:21).
And for the villages. Or, "And, as regards the villages." The writer here at last passes away altogether from Jerusalem, and proceeds to speak of the country population of Judaea. This was chiefly located in villages or hamlets, to each of which was attached a territory suitable for cultivation. The principal of these settlements are now enumerated, and will be found to comprise seventeen places belonging to Judah, and fifteen belonging to Benjamin. Of these thirty-two, a considerable proper tion had subordinate hamlets attached to them. Kirjath-arba, or Hebron. During the captivity the old name had reasserted itself (see Jos_14:15). Dibon is not the important Moabite town whence came the famous "Moabite Stone," but the city anciently called Dimonah, which is coupled with "Kabzeel" and "Moladah" in Jos_15:21-26. Jekabzeel is no doubt the ancient "Kabzeel" (Jos_15:21).
26And at Jeshua, and at Moladah, and at Bethphelet,
The Pulpit Commentary
Joshua is a place not mentioned anywhere but here. Moladah occurs in Jos_15:26; Beth-phelet, no doubt the same as Beth-palet, in Jos_15:27.
Joshua is a place not mentioned anywhere but here. Moladah occurs in Jos_15:26; Beth-phelet, no doubt the same as Beth-palet, in Jos_15:27.
27And at Hazarshual, and at Beersheba, and in the villages thereof,
The Pulpit Commentary
Hazar-shual and Beer-sheba are united in Jos_15:28, and were no doubt near together. Hazar-shual means "the village of foxes."
Hazar-shual and Beer-sheba are united in Jos_15:28, and were no doubt near together. Hazar-shual means "the village of foxes."
28And at Ziklag, and at Mekonah, and in the villages thereof,
The Pulpit Commentary
Ziklag is celebrated as the town given to David by Achish king of Gath (1Sa_27:6), and soon afterwards taken by the Amalekites (ibid. 30:1). Mekonah is a name which occurs only in this place.
Ziklag is celebrated as the town given to David by Achish king of Gath (1Sa_27:6), and soon afterwards taken by the Amalekites (ibid. 30:1). Mekonah is a name which occurs only in this place.
29And at Enrimmon, and at Zareah, and at Jarmuth,
The Pulpit Commentary
En-rimmon, "the spring of Rimmon," is to be identified with the "Ain and Rimmon" of Jos_15:32—two neighbouring villages, which ultimately grew into one. Zareah is no doubt the "Zoreah" of Jos_15:33, which was in the Shephelah, or low coast tract. Jarmuth is the town of Piram, who warred with Joshua (Jos_10:3-27). Like Zareah, it lay in the low coast tract (Jos_15:35).
En-rimmon, "the spring of Rimmon," is to be identified with the "Ain and Rimmon" of Jos_15:32—two neighbouring villages, which ultimately grew into one. Zareah is no doubt the "Zoreah" of Jos_15:33, which was in the Shephelah, or low coast tract. Jarmuth is the town of Piram, who warred with Joshua (Jos_10:3-27). Like Zareah, it lay in the low coast tract (Jos_15:35).
30Zanoah, Adullam, and in their villages, at Lachish, and the fields thereof, at Azekah, and in the villages thereof. And they dwelt from Beersheba unto the valley of Hinnom.
The Pulpit Commentary
Zanoah and Adullam appear in close connection with Jarmuth in Jos_15:34, Jos_15:35. Zanoah was not a place of any importance, but Adullam, near which was David's cave, is often mentioned. It had its own king in the time of Joshua (Jos_12:15), was fortified by Rehoboam (2Ch_11:7), and remained a city of some strength under the Maccabees (2 Macc. 12:38). Lachish is a place even more celebrated than Adullam. Its king, Japhia, warred with Joshua (Jos_12:3-16). It was fortified by Rehoboam (2Ch_11:9). Amaziah took refuge there when conspiracy threatened him at Jerusalem (2Ki_14:19); and Sennacherib "besieged it with all his power" (2Ch_22:9). Azekah is joined with Jarmuth and Adullam in Jos_15:35. Like Adullam and Lachish, it was fortified by Rehoboam (2Ch_11:9). They (i.e. the children of Judah) dwelt from Beer-sheba to the valley of Hinnom. The southernmost and the northernmost parts of Judaea are here mentioned.
Zanoah and Adullam appear in close connection with Jarmuth in Jos_15:34, Jos_15:35. Zanoah was not a place of any importance, but Adullam, near which was David's cave, is often mentioned. It had its own king in the time of Joshua (Jos_12:15), was fortified by Rehoboam (2Ch_11:7), and remained a city of some strength under the Maccabees (2 Macc. 12:38). Lachish is a place even more celebrated than Adullam. Its king, Japhia, warred with Joshua (Jos_12:3-16). It was fortified by Rehoboam (2Ch_11:9). Amaziah took refuge there when conspiracy threatened him at Jerusalem (2Ki_14:19); and Sennacherib "besieged it with all his power" (2Ch_22:9). Azekah is joined with Jarmuth and Adullam in Jos_15:35. Like Adullam and Lachish, it was fortified by Rehoboam (2Ch_11:9). They (i.e. the children of Judah) dwelt from Beer-sheba to the valley of Hinnom. The southernmost and the northernmost parts of Judaea are here mentioned.
31The children also of Benjamin from Geba dwelt at Michmash, and Aija, and Bethel, and in their villages.
The Pulpit Commentary
The children also of Benjamin from Geba dwelt at Michmash. Rather, "Also the children of Benjamin dwelt from Geba to Michmash, and Aija, and Bethel," etc. Geba was reckoned an extreme city of Benjamin towards the west, and consequently occurs last in the first list of Joshua (Nehemiah 18:24). Its proximity to Michmash and Aija (Aiath) appears in Isa_10:28, Isa_10:29. All three places were in the near vicinity of Bethel.
The children also of Benjamin from Geba dwelt at Michmash. Rather, "Also the children of Benjamin dwelt from Geba to Michmash, and Aija, and Bethel," etc. Geba was reckoned an extreme city of Benjamin towards the west, and consequently occurs last in the first list of Joshua (Nehemiah 18:24). Its proximity to Michmash and Aija (Aiath) appears in Isa_10:28, Isa_10:29. All three places were in the near vicinity of Bethel.
32And at Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah,
The Pulpit Commentary
Anathoth was on the road from Geba to Jerusalem (Isa_10:30), and was a Levitical city (Jos_21:18). Nob was still nearer to the capital, which could be seen from it (Isa_10:32). It was famous for the massacre of the priests by Doeg (1Sa_22:18, 1Sa_22:19). Ananiah is mentioned only in this place.
Anathoth was on the road from Geba to Jerusalem (Isa_10:30), and was a Levitical city (Jos_21:18). Nob was still nearer to the capital, which could be seen from it (Isa_10:32). It was famous for the massacre of the priests by Doeg (1Sa_22:18, 1Sa_22:19). Ananiah is mentioned only in this place.
The Pulpit Commentary
Hazor occurs as a Benjamite city here only. Ramah is the famous town, now er-Ram, so often mentioned as a little to the north of Jerusalem (Jos_18:25; Jdg_4:5; 1Ki_15:17; Isa_10:29; Jer_31:15). Gittaim is mentioned as a Benjamite town in 2Sa_4:3.
Hazor occurs as a Benjamite city here only. Ramah is the famous town, now er-Ram, so often mentioned as a little to the north of Jerusalem (Jos_18:25; Jdg_4:5; 1Ki_15:17; Isa_10:29; Jer_31:15). Gittaim is mentioned as a Benjamite town in 2Sa_4:3.
The Pulpit Commentary
Hadid is joined with Lod and Ono in Ezr_2:33 and Neh_7:37. It is probably the modern Haditheh, three miles east of Ludd or Lod, in the Shephelah. Zeboim is not elsewhere mentioned as a town, but we hear of a "valley of Zeboim" in 1Sa_13:18, which seems to have lain east of Michmash, in the bleak country towards the Jordan. Neballat is not elsewhere mentioned.
Hadid is joined with Lod and Ono in Ezr_2:33 and Neh_7:37. It is probably the modern Haditheh, three miles east of Ludd or Lod, in the Shephelah. Zeboim is not elsewhere mentioned as a town, but we hear of a "valley of Zeboim" in 1Sa_13:18, which seems to have lain east of Michmash, in the bleak country towards the Jordan. Neballat is not elsewhere mentioned.
35Lod, and Ono, the valley of craftsmen.
The Pulpit Commentary
Lod, now Ludd (called in the Acts of the Apostles Lydda), was at the eastern edge of the Shephelah, or low maritime plain, and about nine miles to the S.E. of Joppa. Unimportant during the early times, it became a place of considerable note under the Maccabees (1 Macc. 10:30, 38; 11:28, 34, 57, etc.), and so continued till the taking of Jerusalem by Titus, soon after which its name was changed to Diospolis. Ono is first mentioned in 1Ch_8:12 in combination with Lod, with which it is also joined in Ezr_2:33 and Neh_7:37. We do not know how it came to be called "the valley of craftsmen."
Lod, now Ludd (called in the Acts of the Apostles Lydda), was at the eastern edge of the Shephelah, or low maritime plain, and about nine miles to the S.E. of Joppa. Unimportant during the early times, it became a place of considerable note under the Maccabees (1 Macc. 10:30, 38; 11:28, 34, 57, etc.), and so continued till the taking of Jerusalem by Titus, soon after which its name was changed to Diospolis. Ono is first mentioned in 1Ch_8:12 in combination with Lod, with which it is also joined in Ezr_2:33 and Neh_7:37. We do not know how it came to be called "the valley of craftsmen."
36And of the Levites were divisions in Judah, and in Benjamin.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
36. And of the Levites were divisions in Judah, and in Benjamin--Rather, there were divisions for the Levites; that is, those who were not resident in Jerusalem were distributed in settlements throughout the provinces of Judah and Benjamin.
36. And of the Levites were divisions in Judah, and in Benjamin--Rather, there were divisions for the Levites; that is, those who were not resident in Jerusalem were distributed in settlements throughout the provinces of Judah and Benjamin.
The Pulpit Commentary
Of the Levites were divisions in Judah and Benjamin. The exact sense is obscure, but we may gather from the passage that a certain number of Levites were dispersed among the Benjamite cities. They were not now numerous enough to have any cities to themselves.
Of the Levites were divisions in Judah and Benjamin. The exact sense is obscure, but we may gather from the passage that a certain number of Levites were dispersed among the Benjamite cities. They were not now numerous enough to have any cities to themselves.
THE HOLY BIBLE
Nehemiah
Chapter 11
Translated out of the original tongues, and with the former translations diligently compared and revised.
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