The Pulpit Commentary
So all Israel were reckoned by genealogies. The Hebrew verb (חִתְיַחְשׂי) is sufficiently satisfied by the rendering were enrolled, or were registered. The book of the kings of Israel and Judah. The book referred to is often styled "The book of the kings of Israel" (2Ch_20:34; 2Ch_33:18); and it is more probable that that is the intended title here, and that the words should follow thus: And Judah were carried captive to Babylon because of their transgressions. This the Masoretic accenting dictates, though the Septuagint, Vulgate, and Luther have our Authorized Version order. The inconvenience to certain of not being able to find their registers is alluded to in Ezr_2:59.

The Pulpit Commentary
Now the first inhabitants that dwelt in their possessions, in their cities. Authorities are very divided as to whether this expression describes inhabitants of the land before the Captivity or subsequent to it. Almost all the older authorities, and Keil amongst those of more modern date, take the former position; Movers, Bertheau, and others take the latter, as also Canon Rawlinson. It must be admitted that there is some obscurity, and which accounts for the contrariety of opinion. But obscurity and contrariety notwithstanding, a comparison of 1Ch_9:2 and 1Ch_9:3 with Neh_11:1-4 : produces two impressions almost irresistible, viz. that the difficulty is occasioned by some comparatively slight corruption or mutilation in our Neh_11:2; and that, whatever the reference is in Neh_11:1-4 (and there is no ambiguity there), that it is in the present passage. The fourfold classification intends the Israel people (Isa_24:2; Hos_4:9), the priests, the Levites, the Nethinims, i.e. those given as helpers of the priests, bond-men of the temple (Num_8:18, Num_8:19; Num_31:47; Ezr_2:40-48; Ezr_8:17, Ezr_8:20). Not before the time of the return does the name Nethinim seem to have crystallized upon this class of helpers, the explanation of which may possibly be that their numbers and their services then became so much more necessary. To this classification is added in Neh_11:3, "And the children of Solomon's servants" (Ezr_2:55).

The Pulpit Commentary
And of the children of Ephraim, and Manasseh. These words are not found in Neh_11:4.

The Pulpit Commentary
This verse contains a short list, with many links wanting, of descendants of Judah through Pharez, six in number, and in reverse order. .4. similar list as regards its extreme terms is that which we find in Neh_11:4, but only three (Uthai, Imri, Pharez) of the six names here can be considered identical with a like number (Athaiah, Amariah, Perez) out of the seven found there. Neh_11:6 adds, "The number of the sons of Perez that dwelt at Jerusalem four hundred three score and eight valiant men."

The Pulpit Commentary
The Shilonites. These are the descendants of Shelah, youngest son of Judah. In place of the one name Asaiah here, Nehemiah (Neh_11:7) gives a list of seven, among which Maassiah is found, answering to our Asaiah.

The Pulpit Commentary
No corresponding list whatever is found in Nehemiah, but in Neh_11:24 mention is made of "Pethahiah the son of Meshezabeel, of the children of Zerah." Zeta was twin brother of Pharez (Gen_38:30).

The Pulpit Commentary
The corresponding passage (Neh_11:7, Neh_11:8) varies much in the names given, and adds up the number of Benjamite chief men to nine hundred and twenty-eight, instead of nine hundred and fifty-six.

This verse is correct in not calling (as does Neh_11:10) Jedaiah the son of Jehoiarib, or as it is there written Joiarib. The origin of the names of these three priest families is found in 1Ch_24:7, 1Ch_24:17.

The Pulpit Commentary
This list resembles much more closely that of Neh_11:11-14. The one thousand and seven hundred and three score of this passage is not reached by five hundred and sixty-eight, when the numbers of Neh_11:12-14 are all added together. The name Azariah (in Nehemiah appearing, probably simply by copyist's error, as Seraiah), here described as ruler of the house of God, probably points to the high priest Eliashib, who held that office in the time of Nehemiah, and was descended from Seraiah (1Ch_6:14). The ins and outs of the lists of these verses confirm the supposition that the way in which differences in the other lists occur are easily to be accounted for, in one compiler having selected some of the names of the whole line of genealogy, and another others, though in each several case according to reasons often unknown by us. Thus, between Jeroham and Pashur the table of Nehemiah supplies three additional links in the names Pelaliah, Amzi, Zechariah; while in our very next verse, for the three between Maasiai (Amashai) and Meshillemith, Nehemiah has only two names, and neither of those two (Azareel, Ahasai) the same as found here.

The corresponding account of these Levites (Neh_11:15-18) has some additional details—as, for instance, that the number of "the Levites in the holy city were two hundred four score and four;" that two "of the chief of the Levites, Shabbethai and Jozabad," not given here, "had the oversight of the outward business of the house of God;" that "Mattaniah… was the principal to begin the thanksgiving in prayer;" and that Bakbukiah (hero called Bakbakkar) was "the second among his brethren." Hashabiah is also stated to be "the son of Bunni." The Netophathites. The town Netophah was either locally near Bethlehem, or in some way closely related to it (1Ch_2:54; Neh_7:26). It is not directly mentioned, though existing long before, till the accounts of those who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel (Ezr_2:22). Interesting facts, respecting its people are found in 1Ch_27:13, 1Ch_27:15; Neh_12:28. Though our Authorized Version has the name here in the plural, it is not so in the Hebrew, nor is it there accompanied by the article.

The porters here are those who had charge of the entrances to the sanctuary. The word employed (שֹׁעֵר) is used, however, generally of gate or door keepers. Their number, stated in 1Ch_9:22 as two hundred and twelve, is probably corrected in Neh_11:19 to one hundred and seventy-two, made up of twenty-four for every week (1Ch_26:17, 1Ch_26:18), "entering on the sabbath" upon their work (2Ki_11:5; 2Ch_23:4), in rotation for seven weeks, and the four "chief warders." For the five porters here mentioned there are only two mentioned in Neh_11:19, and neither of those Shallum, the chief. But see also Ezr_2:42; Neh_7:45.

The Pulpit Commentary
Hitherto (so Joh_5:17). The reference must be to Shallum, for see 1Ch_9:24-26 and Eze_46:1-3. The meaning of the remaining sentence of this verse is, "These were the gate-keepers for the Levite encampments side," or what, in later temple times, answered to it.

The Pulpit Commentary
Shallum. Marked as a different person from the former of the same name, by the description son of Kore, etc. The pedigree here given enables us to identify the person intended as Shelemiah or Moshelemiah.. Keepers of the gates of the tabernacle… of the entry. These are descriptions of "service," not synonymous with those of 1Ch_9:17 and 1Ch_9:18, where the words וְהַשְּׁעַרִים and בְּשַׁעַר are found, in place of those used here, viz. שֹׁמְרֵי הַסִּפִים לָאֹחֶל and שֹׁמְרֵי הַמָּבוֹא. They designate the care of the inner entrances of the sacred building. Their fathers were keepers of the entrance to the tabernacle, as these to the inner doors (margin, "thresholds") of the temple. So the following verse points the times of "the fathers."

Zechariah (see 1Ch_26:1, 1Ch_26:2, 1Ch_26:11, 1Ch_26:14).

The Pulpit Commentary
The seer. It is to be noticed that the compiler of Chronicles uses elsewhere, as here, the "aforetime" name of the prophet, according to 1Sa_9:9. Note in this verse the linking together of the names of David and Samuel, to the ignoring of that of Saul. In their set office. Keil would translate, "Upon their fidelity, i.e. because they had been found faithful." But our margin translates happily, "in their trust," which will include, in part, the thought of Keil, and will suit our 1Sa_9:26.

The Pulpit Commentary
(See above and 1Ch_26:12-19.) For the chief porters, Bertheau suggests, as an analogous expression, στρατηγοῖ (Luk_22:52). The chambers. We have the account of Solomon's building of these in 1Ki_6:5-10, 1Ki_6:16, 1Ki_6:19; it is scarcely likely that the "chamber of mattresses" of 2Ki_11:2 was one of these, though the language of the following verse looks that way (comp. also Eze_46:5-11). And treasuries. These were store-houses (הָאוֹעְרוֹת) for gold, silver, as pertaining to the temple, though of corn, etc; in other connections (1Ki_7:51; 2Ki_12:18; 2Ch_5:1; 1Ch_27:25).

That they should bring them in by tale and by tale carry them out. That is, that they should scrupulously number them.

1Ch_9:29, 1Ch_9:30

The vessels and other things required for the daily sacrificial service are here spoken of; the verses receive abundant illustration from various Old Testament passages (Exo_25:6; Exo_30:23-38; Le Exo_2:1-7, etc.).

The Pulpit Commentary
Mattithiah. The ubiquitous Shallum, that designates the family, not the individual, is probably here quoted, Mattithiah being at the time in question the representative son. The things that were made in the pans. The word here employed (הַחֲבִתִּים) is not found elsewhere, but other derivatives of the same root are often found (Le 1Ch_2:5; 1Ch_6:21; 1Ch_7:9; 1Ch_23:29; Eze_4:3).

The Pulpit Commentary
The shewbread (מַעֲרֶכֶת); literally, a pile, and hence applied to the cakes, which were piled in two rows (Le 1Ch_24:5-8) "on the pure table before the Lord."

The Pulpit Commentary
Translate, And these singers, chief of the fathers of the Levites, in the chambers were free. The word "free" is surely sufficiently explained by the following sentence, in connection with Ezr_7:24; Neh_11:23. It is more doubtful whether the expression, "these singers," refers to names, which now should have been inserted but are lost, or possibly to Neh_11:16, ante; the idiom would prefer the former. They were employed in that work day and night; literally, for by day and by night on them, in the work. If we were to suppose the cheth before the "work" an error for he, the translation would be easy and free from all doubt, for by day and by night, the work devolved upon them. Anyway, the substance of the sense is obvious.

The Pulpit Commentary
This verse can scarcely be other than a closing general comment respecting all the chief fathers of the Levites, who have been spoken of (1Ch_8:28); and it purports to say that the same order and principle obtained in the offices referred to from generation to generation of families.