McGuffey's Fourth Eclectic Reader

Part 2

gr.--Grab, grim, grip, grate, grant, grass, green. gz, gst.--Begs, beg'st, digs, dig'st, gags, gag'st. gd, gdst.--Begged, begg'd'st, digged, digg'd'st. gl.--Higgle, joggle, straggle, glib, glow, glaze. glz, glst.--Higgles, higgl'st, juggles, juggl'st. gld, gldst.--Higgled, higgl'd'st, joggled, joggl'd'st.

jd.--Caged, hedged, bridged, lodged, judged, waged. kr.--Cram, crag, crash, crop, cry, creel, crone, crown. kw, (qu).--Quell, quick, quite, quote, quake, queen. ks, kst, (x).--Kicks, kick'st, mix, mixed, box, boxed. kt, kts.--Act, acts, fact, facts, tact, tacts, sect, sects. kl.--Clad, clip, clown, clean, close, cackle, pickle. klz, klst.--Cackles, cackl'st, buckles, buckl'st. kld, kldst.--Cackled, cackl'd'st, buckled, buckl'd'st.

lf.--Elf, Ralph, shelf, gulf, sylph, wolf. ld.--Hold, mold, bold, cold, wild, mild, field, yield. ldz, ldst.--Holds, hold'st, gilds, gild'st, yields, yield'st. lz, lst.--Fills, fill'st, pulls, pull'st, drills, drill'st. lt, lts.--Melt, melts, tilt, tilts, salt, salts, bolt, bolts. mz, mst.--Names, nam'st, hems, hem'st, dims, dim'st. md, mdst.--Named, nam'd'st, dimmed, dimm'd'st.

nd.--And, lend, band, blonde, fund, bound, round, sound. ndz, ndst.--Lends, lend'st, hands, hand'st. ndl.--Handle, kindle, fondle, trundle, brindle. ndlz, ndlst.--Handles, halldl'st, kindles, kindl'st. ndld, ndldst.--Handled, handl'd'st, kindled, kindl'd'st.

nks, nkst.--Banks, hank'st, sinks, sink'st. nkd.--Banked, clank'd, winked, thank'd, flank'd.

nz, nst.--Wins, win'st, tans, tan'st, runs run'st. nt, nts.--Hint, hints, cent, cents, want, wants. nch, nchd.--Pinch, pinch'd, blanch, blanch'd. ngz, ngd.--Hangs, hang'd, rings, ring'd. nj, njd.--Range, ranged, hinge, hinged.

pr.--Prat, prim, print, prone, prune, pry, prank. pl.--Plant, plod, plum, plus, apple, cripple. ps, pst.--Nips, nip'st, taps, tap'st, mops, mop'st. pt, pts.--Adopt, adopts, adept, adepts, crypt, crypts.

rj, rjd.--Merge, merged, charge, charged, urge, urged. rd.--Card, cord, curd, herd, ford, ward, bird. rdz, rdst.--Cards, card'st, herds, herd'st, cords, cord'st. rk.--Bark, jerk, dirk, cork, lurk, work. rks, rkst.--Barks, bark'st, lurks, lurk'st. rl.--Marl, curl, whirl, pearl, whorl, snarl. rlz, rlst.--Curls, curl'st, whirls, whirl'st, twirls, twirl'st. rld, rldst.-- Curled, curl'd'st, whirled, whirl'd'st, snarled, snarl'd'st. rm.--Arm, term, form, warm, storm, worm, sperm. rmz, rmst.--Arms, arm'st, fbrms, form'st. rmd, rmdst.--Armed, arm'd'st, formed, form'd'st. rn.--Barn, warn, scorn, worn, earn, turn. rnz, rnst.--Turns, turn'st, scorns, scorn'st. rnd, rndst.--Turned, turn'd'st, scorned, scorn'd'st. rt.--Dart, heart, pert, sort, girt, dirt, hurt. rts, rtst.--Darts, dart'st, girts, girt'st, hurts, hurt'st. rch, rchd.--Arch, arched, perch, perched.

sk.--Ask, scab, skip, risk, skum, bask, husk. sks.--Asks, tasks. risks, whisks, husks. skd, skst.--Asked, ask'st, risked, risk'st, husked, husk'st. sp, sps.--Gasp, gasps, rasp, rasps, crisp, crisps.

spd.--Gasped, lisped, crisped, wisped, cusped. st, sts.--Mast, masts, nest, nests, fist, fists. sw.--Swim, swell, swill, swan, sweet, swing, swam. str.--Strap, strip, strop, stress, strut, strife, strew.

tl.--Rattle, nettle, whittle, bottle, hurtle, scuttle. tlz, tlst.--Rattles, rattl'st, nettles, nettl'st. tld, tldst.--Rattled, rattl'd'st, settled, settl'd'st. ts, tst.--Bat, bat'st, bets, bet'st, pits, pit'st, dots, dot'st. tw.--Twin, twirl, twice, tweed, twist, twelve, twain. tr.--Trap, trip, trot, tress, truss, trash, try, truce, trice. vz, vst.--Gives, giv'st, loves, lov'st, saves, sav'st.

zm, zmz.--Chasm, chasms, prism, prisms. zl.--Dazzle, frizzle, nozzle, puzzle. zlz, zld.--Dazzles, dazzled, frizzles, frizzled. sht.--Dashed, meshed, dished, rushed, washed. shr.--Shrank, shred, shrill, shrunk, shrine, shroud, shrew. thd.--Bathed, sheathed, soothed, smoothed, wreathed. thz, thzt.--Bathes, Bath'st, sheathes, sheath'st.

ngz, ngst.--Hangs, hang'st, brings, bring'st. ngd, ngdst.--Hanged, hang'd'st., stringed, string'd'st. nks, nkst.--Thanks, thank'st, thinks, think'st. nkd, nkdst.--Thanked, thank'd'st, kinked, kink'd'st. dth, dths.--Width, widths, breadth, breadths. kld, kldst.--Circled, circl'd'st, darkle, darkl'd'st. kl, klz.--Circle, circles, cycle, cycles. lj, ljd.--Bilge, bilged, bulge, bulged, indulge, indulged. lb, lbz.--Alb, albs, bulb, bulbs. lk, lks, lkst, lkdst.--Milk, milks, milk'st, milk'd'st.

lm, lmz.--Elm, elms, whelm, whelms, film, films. lp, lpd, lpst, lpdst.--Help, helped, help'st, help'd'st. lv, lvz, lvd.--Valve, valves, valved, delve, delves, delved. lch, lchd.--Belch, belched, filch, filched, gulch, gulched. lth, lth --Health, healths, tilth, tilth

mf, mfs.--Nymph, nymphs, triumph, triumphs. gth, gths.--Length, lengths, strength, strengths. rb, rbz, rbd, rbst, rbdst.--Curb, curbs, curbed, curb'st, curb'd'st. rf, rfs, rfst, rfdst.--Dwarf, dwarfs, dwarf'st, dwarf'd'st. rv, rvz, rvst, rvd, rvdst.--Curve, curves, curv'st, curved, curv'd'st. rth, rths.--Birth, births, girth, girths, hearth, hearths. rp, rps, rpd, rpst, rpdst.--Harp, harps, harped, harp'st, harp'd'st. rs, rst.--Nurse, nursed, verse, versed, course, coursed.

thr.--Thrash, thresh, thrift, throb, thrush, thrust, throng, three, thrive, thrice, throat, throne, throve, thrill, thrum.

thw.--Thwack, thwart.

EXERCISES IN ARTICULATION.

Errors to be Corrected.

To TEACHERS.--In the following exercises, the more common errors in articulation and pronunciation are denoted. The letters in italics are not silent letters, but are thus marked to point them out as the representatives of sounds which are apt to be defectively articulated, omitted, or incorrectly sounded.

A

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Fa-t fa-tal Sep-er-ate sep-a-rate reel re-al temp-per-unce tem-per-ance ras-cul ras-cal up-pear ap-pear crit-ic-ul crit-ic-al tem-per-it tem-per-ate test'ment tes-ta-ment mod-er-it med-er-ate firm'ment fir-ma-ment in-ti-mit int-ti-mate

E

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Ev'ry ev-er-y sev'ral sev-er-al b'lief be-lief prov-i-dunce prov-i-dence pr'vail pre-vail ev-i-dunce ev-i-dence r'tain re-tain si-lunt si-lent trav'ler trav-el-er mon-u-munt mon-u-ment flut'ring flut-ter-ing con-ti-nunt con-ti-nent tel'scope tel-e-scope con-fi-dunt con-fi-dent

I

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct D'rect di-rect rad'cal rad-i-cal d'spose dis-pose sal'vate sal-i-vate van'ty van-i-ty can'bal can-ni-bal ven-t'late ven-ti-late mount'n moun-tain ju-b'lee ju-bi-lee fount'n foun-tain rid-cule rid-i-cule vill'ny vil-lain-y

O

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct Des'late des-o-late rhet-er-ic rhet-o-tic hist'ry his-to-ry in-ser-lent in-so-lent mem'ry mem-o-ry croc-ud-ile croc-o-dile col'ny col-o-ny com-prum-ise com-pro-mise ag'ny ag-o-ny anch-ur-ite an-cho-rite balc'ny bal-co-ny cor-per-al cor-po-ral ob-s'lete ob-so-lete ob-luq-quy ob-lo-quy wil-ler wil-low or-ther-dox or-tho-dox wid-der wid-ow cun-di-tion con-di-tion pil-ler pil-low pus-i-tion po-si-tion mead-er mead-ow tug-eth-er to-geth-er fel-ler fel-low put-a-ter po-ta-to win-der win-dow tub-ac-cur to-bac-co

U

The most common mistake in the sound of u occurs in words of the following kind: as, crea-ter or crea-choor, for crea-ture; nat-er or na- choor for na-ture, etc.

Incorrect Correct

Lec'-ter lec'-choor lec'-ture fea'-ter fea'-choor fea'-ture mois'-ter mois'-choor mois'-ture ver'-der ver'-jer ver-dure mix'-ter mix'-cher mix'-ture rup'ter rup'-cher rup'-ture sculp'-ter sculp'-cher sculp'-ture ges'-ter ges'cher ges'-ture struc'-ter struc'-cher struc'-ture stric'-ter stric'-choor stric'-ture ves'-ter ves'-cher ves'-ture tex'-ter tex'-cher tex'-ture fix'-ter fix'-cher fix'-ture vul'-ter vul'-cher vul'-ture for'-ten for'-choon for'-tune stat'-er sta'-choor stat'-ure stat'-ew stat'-choo stat'ue stat'-ewt sta'-choot stat'-ute ed'-di-cate ed'-ju-cate ed'-u-cate

H

In order to accustom the learner to sound H properly, let him pronounce certain words without and then with it: as aft, haft; ail, hail, etc. The H should be clearly sounded.

Aft Haft Edge Hedge Ail Hail Eel Heel Air Hair Ell Hell All Hall Elm Helm Ark Hark Eye High Arm Harm Ill Hill Art Hart It Hit Ash Hash old Hold At Hat Yew He

D Final.

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct

An and frien friend lan land soun sound mine mind groun ground boun bound fiel field

K Final.

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct

Fris frisk dus dusk des desk mos mosque tas task tus tusk ris risk hus husk

N for Ng.

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct

Morn-in morn-ing shav-in shav-ing run-nin run-ning hid-in hid-ing talk-in talk-ing see-in see-ing walk-in walk-ing lov-in lov-ing drink-in drink-ing fight-in fight-ing slid-in slid-ing laugh-in laugh-ing

R

Sound the R clearly and forcibly. When it precedes a vowel, give it a slight trill.

Rule ruin rat rug reck rate reed rill rub rig rim rite ride rise red rag rick rote run reek rib rob rip ruse roar roam rack rid rip rouse Arch farm lark far snare for march harm bark bar spare war larch charm mark hair sure corn starch dark are stair lure born arm spark star care pure horn

T Final

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct

Eas east wep wept moce most ob-jec ob-ject los lost per-fec per-fect nes nest dear-es dear-est gues guest high-es high-est

TS Final

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct

Hoce hosts sec's sects tes tests bus busts lifs lifts cense cents tuffs tufts ob-jec's ob-jects ac's acts re-spec's re-spects

W for Wh

Incorrect Correct Incorrect Correct

Wale Whale Wet Whet Weal Wheel Wine Whine Wen When Wip Whip

SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE

Sentences like the following may be read with great advantage, for the purpose of acquiring distinctness and precision in articulation.

This act, more than all other acts, laid the ax at the root of the evil. It is false to say he had no other faults.

The hosts still stand in strangest plight. That last still night. That lasts till night. On either side an ocean exists. On neither side a notion exists. Among the rugged rocks the restless ranger ran. I said pop-u-lar, not pop'lar. I said pre-vail, not pr'vail. I said be-hold, not b'hold.

Think'st thou so meanly of my Phocion? Henceforth look to your hearths. Canst thou minister to a mind diseased? A thousand shrieks for hopeless mercy call.

ACCENT.

Accent, marked thus ('), is an increased force of voice upon some one syllable of a word; as, Col'o-ny, bot'a-ny; re-mem'ber, im-por'tant; rec-ol-lect', rep-re-sent'. In the words col'o-ny and bot'a-ny, the first syllable is accented. In the words re-mem'ber and im-por'tant, the second syllable is accented. In the words rec-ol-lect' and rep-re-sent', the third syllable is accented.

INFLECTION.

Inflection is an upward or downward slide of the voice. The Rising Inflection, sometimes marked thus ('), is an upward slide of the voice.

Examples

Has he come'? Has he gone? Are you sick'? Will you go'? Are they here'?

The Falling Inflection, marked thus (') is a downward slide of the voice.

Examples

They are here. He has gone. He has come I will go. I am well.

Let the pupil practice these examples until he is perfectly familiar with the rising and falling inflections.

Are you sick or well? Will you go, or stay? Did he ride, or walk? Is it black, or white? Is he rich, or poor? Are they old, or young? Did you say cap, or cat? I said cat, not cap. Did you say am, or ham? I said ham, not am.

Is the dog white', or black'? The dog is black', not white'. Did you say and', or hand'? I said and', not hand'. Is the tree large', or small'? The tree is small', not large'. Are the apples sweet', or sour'? The apples are sour' not sweet'. Is the tide high', or low'? The tide is high', not low'. Did you say play', or pray'? I said pray', not play'.

MCGUFFEY'S FOURTH READER.

I. PERSEVERANCE. (25)

1. "Will you give my kite a lift?" said my little nephew to his sister, after trying in vain to make it fly by dragging it along the ground. Lucy very kindly took it up and threw it into the air, but, her brother neglecting to run off at the same moment, the kite fell down again.

2. "Ah! now, how awkward you are!" said the little fellow. "It was your fault entirely," answered his sister. "Try again, children," said I.

3. Lucy once more took up the kite. But now John was in too great a hurry; he ran off so suddenly that he twitched the kite out of her hand, and it fell flat as before. "Well, who is to blame now?" asked Lucy. "Try again," said I.

4. They did, and with more care; but a side wind coming suddenly, as Lucy let go the kite, it was blown against some shrubs, and the tail became entangled in a moment, leaving the poor kite hanging with its head downward.

5. "There, there!" exclaimed John, "that comes of your throwing it all to one side." "As if I could make the wind blow straight," said Lucy. In the meantime, I went to the kite's assistance; and having disengaged the long tail, I rolled it up, saying, "Come, children, there are too many trees here; let us find a more open space, and then try again."

6. We presently found a nice grassplot, at one side of which I took my stand; and all things being prepared, I tossed the kite up just as little John ran off. It rose with all the dignity of a balloon, and promised a lofty flight; but John, delighted to find it pulling so hard at the string, stopped short to look upward and admire. The string slackened, the kite wavered, and, the wind not being very favorable, down came the kite to the grass. "O John, you should not have stopped," said I. "However, try again."

7. "I won't try any more," replied he, rather sullenly. "It is of no use, you see. The kite won't fly, and I don't want to be plagued with it any longer." "Oh, fie, my little man! would you give up the sport, after all the pains we have taken both to make and to fly the kite? A few disappointments ought not to discourage us. Come, I have wound up your string, and now try again."

8. And he did try, and succeeded, for the kite was carried upward on the breeze as lightly as a feather; and when the string was all out, John stood in great delight, holding fast the stick and gazing on the kite, which now seemed like a little white speck in the blue sky. "Look, look, aunt, how high it flies! and it pulls like a team of horses, so that I can hardly hold it. I wish I had a mile of string: I am sure it would go to the end of it."

9. After enjoying the sight as long as he pleased, little John proceeded to roll up the string slowly; and when the kite fell, he took it up with great glee, saying that it was not at all hurt, and that it had behaved very well. "Shall we come out to-morrow, aunt, after lessons, and try again?"

10. "I have no objection, my dear, if the weather is fine. And now, as we walk home, tell me what you have learned from your morning's sport." "I have learned to fly my kite properly." "You may thank aunt for it, brother," said Lucy, "for you would have given it up long ago, if she had not persuaded you to try again."

11. "Yes, dear children, I wish to teach you the value of perseverance, even when nothing more depends upon it than the flying of a kite. Whenever you fail in your attempts to do any good thing, let your motto be,--try again."

DEFINITIONS.--In defining words, that meaning is given which is appropriate to them in the connection in which they are used.

4. En-tan'gled, twisted in, disordered. 5. As-sist'-ance, help, aid. Dis-en-gaged, cleared, set free. 6. Grass'plot, a space covered with grass. Dig'ni-ty, majestic manner. 7. Dis-ap-point/ments, failures or defeats of expectation. Dis-cour'age, take away courage. 9. Glee, joy 11. Per-se-ver'ance, continuance in anything once begun. Mot'to, a short sentence or a word full of meaning.

EXERCISES--What is the subject of this lesson? Why was John discouraged in his attempts to fly his kite? What did his, aunt say to him? What may we learn from this? What should be our motto if we expect to be successful?

II. TRY, TRY AGAIN. (28)

1. 'T is a lesson you should heed, Try, try again; If at first you don't succeed, Try, try again; Then your courage should appear, For, if you will persevere, You will conquer, never fear; Try, try again.

2. Once or twice though you should fail, Try, try again; If you would at last prevail, Try, try again; If we strive, 'tis no disgrace Though we do not win the race; What should you do in the case? Try, try again.

3. If you find your task is hard, Try, try again; Time will bring you your reward, Try, try again. All that other folks can do, Why, with patience, should not you? Only keep this rule in view: Try, try again.

DEFINITIONS.--l. Cour'age, resolution. Con'quer, gain the vic-tory. 2. Pre-vail, overcome. Dis-grace', shame. Win, gain, ob-tain. 3. Re-ward', anything given in return for good or bad con-duct. Pa'-tience, constany in labor.

EXERCISES.--What does the mark before "'T is" mean? What is it called? What point is used after the word "case" in the second stanza? Why?

III. WHY THE SEA IS SALT. (29) A FAIRY TALE.

Mary Howitt was born in 1804, at Coleford, England. She wrote many charming stories for children in prose and verse, and also translated many from Swedish, Danish, and German authors. This story is arranged from one in a collection named "Peter Drake's Dream, and Other Stories." She died in 1888.